狮入羊口

1772年，英国记者经过多年奋斗，获得国会旁听权，得以公开报道议员的发言和辩论。1882年，政治家爱德蒙克•巴特说：“议会中有三个阶级（贵族、僧侣和资产者），但是在记者席上坐着一个第四阶级，他比那三个阶级都重要。”这一观念为西方新闻界接受，并解释为报业是立法、行政、司法三种机构以外的“第四权力”。其后，《泰晤士报》三大主笔时期（19世纪），《泰晤士报》在上层社会的舆论权威，使得新闻记者享有“特殊”的地位，而被称为“无冕之王”。
随着社会发展和技术进步，大众传媒私有化时期到来，特别是80年代中期以来，西方许多国家纷纷改组或拍卖国有媒介公司（集团）。传媒的私有化调整，促成传媒向商业化转变。到了90年代中后期，西欧和美洲许多国家的公共广播事业的主导地位被打破，“媒介在商业化背景下实现对政治系统的主导性”。另一方面，技术力量使得信息渠道急速扩张，尤其是互联网络和手机通讯，极大地打破了信息发布和接收的障碍。垄断资本和透明渠道，从两头挤压着所谓“第四权力”，昔日的“无冕之王”如今看起来更像是戴着金箍的“猴王”。
11月北美上映的一部电影，Lions for Lambs（《狮入羊口》），梅丽尔•斯特里普为我们展现了如今的新闻记者“紧箍咒”下的挣扎。
片中，新一轮的大选即将开始，而美国此时仍陷在阿富汗沟壑星罗的战场上。雄心勃勃的共和党参议员贾斯柏•艾文（汤姆•克鲁斯饰）邀请电视台记者珍琳•罗斯（梅丽尔•斯特里普饰）进行独家专访，讨论美国的军事行动和政府新近推出的军事策略，希望借媒体的力量为自己的选举增添筹码。然而，珍琳•罗斯，一个有四十多年采访经验的左派记者，对这一“策略”不断提出质疑和尖锐问题。但参议员贾斯柏的回答也相当坚定，那就是要相信政府，政府有足够的理由，政府需要继续打这场反恐战争，现在唯一需要的，就是民众的支持，而民众的支持来自哪里，当然需要媒体。
珍琳凭着自己的采访经验，认为这不会是一个成功的策略，而且这是一条没办法进行核实的消息，和以往政府提供的消息一样。她坚持不发这条新闻，并和她的上司进行了激烈的争论。她质问自己的同事，过去坚持的那种新闻原则去哪里了？而她的同事也质问她，难道如实报道对方说的东西，不对吗？
不对么？这样的“是非”问题又一次困扰了记者，从业务规范延伸到职业精神。
“这场长达六年的战争，媒体不是和政府在一起推销的吗？”参议院理直气壮地问记者。的确，9•11之后，布什政府加强了不利于“反恐”的信息控制，美国的媒体也“同仇敌忾”地站到了政府的一边。一方面白宫、国务院、五角大楼等部门频频组织新闻发布会，引导传媒按政府的口径报道；另一方面媒体也主动地规避着那种被认为是“不爱国”的声音。只是六年后，当初的谎言，或者信息中的错误暴露得越来越多，而这些政府提供的信息，政府有意无意地引用了很多错误的情报。
真正的权力者对被冠以“第四权力”的新闻记者（媒体）产生强制作用时，尽管我们努力使这种权力理性化，但政治中的“人性”依然非理性。作为“公器”的媒体，又应当是谁的“公器”？国家欺骗了人民，但夹在中间的往往是记者（媒体）。
现实还不仅仅只是如此简单的选择。当文化像工业一样被推上流水线，记者只不过成了一颗螺丝钉，他们努力维持着“流水线”的运行，任何抗争，结果都可能是被替换。这种替换，不管对个人的意义如何之大，对庞大的工业体系来说，这样的“翻新”无足轻重。就像电影里的珍琳，面对上司开出的条件：要这份工作，还是为了坚持原则离开。她选择了前者，因为她需要这份工作，抚养家人。对记者而言，职业自律在现实环境下，变成了一种追求，甚至是奢求，而不再是基本的需求。
政治权力和商业利益随时都可能侵犯新闻媒体这个“第四权力”，新闻记者连自己说话的权利都掌握在别人手里。这使我想起很久前的一个片子——《无主地带》。丹尼斯•塔诺维奇的一部小制作影片，曾引起西方影坛的喧哗。在片中塔诺维奇对传媒的力量作了讽刺的描述：交战士兵的生命成了只是保证亿万电视观众“继续收看”的一个悬念——电视使战争成为一种商业文化，国际人道主义关怀成为一个卖点，转化为娱乐情趣。
Lions for Lambs中也透露了一样的情况，坚持严肃新闻的电视台被商业媒体机构收购，严肃新闻在电视台占有的时段越来越少，电视屏幕上充满了年轻的金发播报女郎，阿富汗的美军远不及娱乐明星的一举一动。一切看起来匪夷所思的事情，其实早在现实中发生了。
孙悟空纵有千钧棒，但当紧箍咒念起的时候（这个例子可能不太恰当，但所受的挤压，和记者处境相似），也不得不抱头挣扎，可他仍能选择躲进花果山，当他的美猴王，落一身清闲，而我们却无处可逃。记得有一本书，叫《说，还是不说》，名字意味深长。而我们往往就是：话多了，就说出来；太累了，也就不想说了。

this is absolutely more than just talking.
even though maybe just a tiny thing.
 
电影的场景和人物设置十分巧妙
私利大学 一个理想主义者的世界 教授在讲台上的夸夸其谈 和从小生长在无忧无虑的优越家庭中的孩子
robert redford说 你从小生长的环境让你享受了这一切 而你们却是在这样责任面前第一个退缩的 只想继续享受下去然后变成了这故作聪明 愤世嫉俗的一群
看不到的责任 故意放到一边的责任

战场 纯真而无辜牺牲的孩子
 no matter how many people have done the same thing
 no matter how much they did
  总会有人还想要去继续做同样的事情
因为他们觉得自己是不一样的人 所以得到的结果也就会不一样了 没有必要从之前的人们之中得到教训
 人总是这样 觉得自己并不与任何人相同 但是其实都没有什么太大的差别

政坛 从来都在利润和立场之间摇摆的媒体和摆弄口舌的仕途子弟 tom cruis的演技真是惊人 meryi streep也是天生的饰演文化人的好手 推荐去看 time 电影平淡 但是其一贯冷漠 不动声色的演技让人感叹

每一个人都被放在了恰当好处的位置 再加之精炼的对白 不单单是对于美国现实时事的种种审问和质疑 这部电影更可贵的是表述了每一方的观念和关系 无大讽刺 也无大情绪
就这样下来一部发人深思的电影 多角度的阐述一个国家的各个阶层之间的利害拉锯

关于这部电影我能说的太少太少 实在是太少太少
 

 
 
what are you thinking that i am doing

「The Military part has to come first why?
↓
Because only after we've eradicated the enemy can we then get down to the true work of keeping this new democracy breathing.
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So it's basically kill people to help people.」


「I'd like to see Bin Laden dead and gone as much as anybody, but I just don't understand how you cannot want to look at the past, not think it's critical.」


「We both put our fighting men at risk. Now, I've admitted my mistakes. When will you? You know, in a sense, we're on the same team. We're team-mates. We both have a responsibility. You've already sold the war. Now, I'm asking you to help me sell the solution.」


「If I must choose between righteousness and peace, I choose righteousness. — Theodore Roosevelt」


「Did I like what they did? No. Did I agree with it? No. In fact, it broke my heart. That doesn't mean I don't revere the reasons. They believed the best way to change things in this country was to go fight for it.」


「The best way to double the size of the problem is just to turn your back on it.」


「World War I, German soldiers wrote poems about the bravery of British grunts, admired them, almost as much as they laughed at the British high command who wasted those same grunts by the hundreds of thousands. A German general wrote: "Nowhere else have I seen such lions led by such lambs." Christ, that statement
is so dead-on right now. These starched collars that started this war, that are running it now, nowhere near the best and the brightest, not even in the same galaxy. They're the ones that, when some of our men are blown to bits in the middle of a gun battle, say shit like, "The enemy may bloodied our nose, but we're learning from mistakes."」


「How do we know you're going to get it right this time? You know, people are very mistrustful. After 9/11, we had the whole world on our side. Here we are six years later, stumbling through one of the worst times ever to be an American.」


「They bank on your apathy, they bank on your wilful ignorance. They plan strategies around it. They try to figure out how much they can get away with because of it.」


「What good is a $90,000 Benz if there's not only not enough gas in the tank but the streets and highways are decaying to the point of becoming Third World? If all your rants about Congress and politics are true, if things are really bad, as bad as you say they are, when thousands of American troops are dead and more are dying everyday probably as we speak, you tell me, how can you enjoy the good life? Rome is burning, son, and the problem is not with the people that started this. They're past irredeemable. The problem's with us. all of us. who do nothing, who just fiddle, who try to manoeuvre around the edges of the flame. And I'll tell you something, there are people out there, day to day, all of the world, that they're fighting to make things better.
↓
You think it's better to try and fail than fail to try? But what if you end up in the same place?
↓
At least you did something.」



「What happened to you, Howard? Time was you would take a punch at anybody if you thought it was justified. You know, you were good once. You can't leave me hanging out here by myself. You just can't do that to Wrong. you expected me to turn in a tidy time line. If we don't do this, who's gonna do it? This is the job! These politicians, these journalists, everybody that says: "Oh, well, if we'd known then what we know now..." It's bullshit! It's bullshit. It was all right there. We knew it, if we had bothered to connect the dots. But we didn't, did we? We just rolled over, right?」



「The decisions you make now, bud, can't be changed but with years and years of hard work to redo it... And in those years you become something different. Everybody does as the time passes. You get married, you get into debt... But you're never gonna be the same person you are right now. And promise and potential... It's very fickle, and it just might not be there anymore.
↓
Are you assuming I already made a decision? And also that I'll live to regret it?
↓
All I'm saying is that you're an adult now... And the tough thing about adulthood is that it starts before you even know it starts, when you're already a dozen decisions into it. But what you need to know, Todd, no Lifeguard is watching anymore. You're on your own. You're your own man, and the decisions you make now are yours and yours alone from here until the end.」

【Lions for Lambs·摘】￥Professor is a salesman,sales what?saled you to you~￥第一批上战场的人都是被国家遗弃的人。￥一个德国将军曾写道：Such lions led led by such lambs。真不可思议。￥你得干些比得A更重要的事，得了A你也会被遗忘的。

【Lions for Lambs·摘】---“Police Science,Doc.It's really about how to win```just how to win.而不在乎你看上去多蠢多两面三刀多可耻。苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德，他们都没能解决问题，我又能做什么？”---[所以你置身事外？]

【Lions for Lambs·摘】--[你只是尽量把自己与现实社会拉开距离]--“难道你怪责我只是因为我不愿进入你那理想主义圈子？跟我父母一样，总喋喋不休强调如何给我一个更好的生活，却怨恨我乐于接受的选择。”--[如果你有辆豪车，油箱缺油，马路与交建倒退落后，那你的车又有啥用？Rome is burning ,Son]

【Lions for Lambs】梅姑实在太靓啦~片子有点乱，但思辨性很强，其意义在于把个人选择与社会国家命运的联系清楚勾勒，并将作为个人在其中的摇摆于困惑通过对话的方式思辨地呈现于众，让人对舆论、政治决策、青少年教育、公民社会等深深反思。没有一棍子打死，也可能有点鼓吹爱国的成分，但方式很客观
【Lions for Lambs】当然一切也只有在那个国度才有了。虽然教授在最后还是强调作为公民不能对国事置若罔闻，但在天朝，只适合Todd的那套。对那些妄图以个人微小力量改变社会的年轻人而言，当你的观点不足以构成民意，你的愤怒汇不成呐喊，你的无畏不但起不了警醒作用，甚至不能换来怜悯，太傻太天真。

看对手的强大，一定要看他处事的方式而不是成就的结果。无形的力量才是出色的根本。这就是为啥我老给爹娘解释不了美利坚优势在哪儿之处